James Prescott Joule was born on Christmas Eve, 1818 in to a wealthy Manchester brewing family. He initially was educated at home, before being tutored, at the age of sixteen, by the eminent Manchester Scientist John Dalton. Joule soon began to conduct independent research at a laboratory built in the cellar of his father’s home. By the 1840’s, scientists had realized that heat, electricity, magnetism, chemical change and the energy of motion were all inter convertible. Joul was extremely involved with this work, and between 1837 and 1847, he established the principle of conservation of energy, and the equivalence of heat and other forms of energy.
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